GKU Journal of Multidisciplinary Research
The aim of the GKU Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (GKUJMR) is to promote high-quality, original research and scholarly work across diverse academic disciplines, with a focus on advancing knowledge, fostering innovation, and supporting the academic and professional growth of researchers, educators, and students. The scope of the journal includes interdisciplinary research in fields such as science, technology, engineering, management, humanities, social sciences, and education. It welcomes theoretical and applied studies, case studies, review articles, and technical reports. The journal encourages contributions that address contemporary challenges, propose innovative solutions, and reflect a commitment to academic integrity and societal impact. By providing an open and inclusive platform, the GKU Journal aims to facilitate academic dialogue, strengthen industry-academia linkages, and contribute to national and global research communities. Frequency: 6 Issues per Year Publication Months: January, March, May, July, September, December Scope of the Journal Includes Basic Sciences and Interdisciplinary Research Computing and Information Technology Fine Arts, Literature, and Cultural Studies Physical Education Agricultural Sciences and Sustainable Development Business, Management, and Entrepreneurship Education and Pedagogical Innovation Hospitality and Tourism Management Paramedical and Allied Health Sciences Law, Justice, and Legal Studies Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Development We encourage faculty members, researchers, and scholars from all domains to contribute and support the research ecosystem at Guru Kashi University.
The Mental Health Awareness among University Students in Bangladesh
This paper will discuss the awareness of mental health among University Students in Dhaka, Bangladesh. The study examines what influences perceptions and attitudes towards mental health with special attention to cultural, social and institutional barriers that impact the way University Students recognize, explain, and react to issues regarding mental health. The research integrates a mixed-method approach; quantitative and qualitative data are collected. The survey was administered to 50 university students to evaluate their overall knowledge and awareness regarding mental health problems; the in-depth interviews were carried out on 10 participants to have more insight on personal experience, issues, and attitude. The results indicate that there is a big discrepancy between theory and practice of mental health. The barriers to seeking help that have been identified as the main ones are cultural stigma, mental health education, and insufficient access to services. Also, peer influence and social norms were identified as having a strong influence on students willing to talk about mental health publicly. The paper proposes mental health education in university curricula, campaigns to decrease stigma, and easier mental health care. The study results can be useful in understanding the mental health consciousness of University Students in urban Bangladesh and may be used to suggest ways of enhancing mental health policies and initiatives at university level.
Basic Sciences and Interdisciplinary Research
Mental Health, Awareness, University Students, Stigma, Help-Seeking Behavior
Copyright (c) 2025 GKU Journal of Multidisciplinary Research
The Mental Health, Mindfulness, and Well-being in Education
Well-being and mindfulness are integral parts of a healthy and productive learning environment. This paper delves into three areas of mental health, mindfulness and well-being in education, discussing associated benefits, challenges and guidance for educators. In this episode, we talk about how mental health affects academic performance, the importance of mindfulness in decreasing stress and the role of wellness in building resilience. The paper concludes with recommendations for educators, policymakers, and other stakeholders, advocating for a holistic approach towards mental health and well-being for students.
Mental Health in Education, Mindfulness Practices, Student Well-being, Holistic Development
An Analysis of Cooperative learning methods in Education with Gender-Based Achievement
The present study aims to investigate Cooperative Learning methods in boys and Girls at the secondary level. The yearly Exam Results will be used to divide the sample of Students into equal groups. The division will ensure that both groups are Comparable in terms of academic performance before the implementation of different teaching methods. The former method was applied for first group and the latter for second group. Nevertheless, it is important to recognize the limitations of this study (e.g., regional focus, self‐reported measures). There are also opportunities for future research to extend beyond the discussion of these relationships at work and across different contexts, using mixed-method designs to provide a more complete assessment of them
Cooperative Learning Methods, Gender-Based Achievement, Secondary School Students
The Enhancing Knee Flexion and Function After ACL Surgery in Hockey and Gymnastics Players: A Focus on Exercise and Swimming Therapy
One of these six ligaments that work on stabilizing the knee, is known as the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). ACL injury therapy must be extensive to restore knee function and avert long-term consequences, such as osteoarthritis. This review provides an in-depth look into the post-operative rehabilitation process for athletes recovering from ACL surgery, specifically focusing on a five-phase recovery program. METHOD- This five-phase rehabilitation program was developed with the expertise of a multidisciplinary team, including orthopedic surgeons, physiotherapists, and sports conditioning coaches, and rehabilitation specialists, who work daily with ACL injury patients. The phases are designed to progressively restore knee function, with an emphasis on achieving full range of motion, strengthening, and sport-specific movements. The observation method used to improvement of angle of knee joint. PROCEDURE- The first phase, covering the focuses on pain management, swelling control, and early weight-bearing exercises. The second phase, aims to improve knee flexion and strengthen the knee with activities like squats and proprioception training. The third phase involves returning to more complex movements and light agility training. In the fourth phase focus shifts to sports-specific movements and agility drills. The final phase involves preparing for a full return to sport, with a focus on strength, flexibility, and sports-specific exercises. Rehabilitation milestones—such as knee range of motion, strength, and agility—proved to be essential in tracking progress and ensuring the athlete’s readiness for return to sport. RESULT- The main goal of the rehabilitation program is for the player to return to full performance within 8 to 9 months. Rehabilitation milestones—such as knee range of motion, strength, and agility—proved to be essential in tracking progress and ensuring the athlete’s readiness for return to sport. CONCLUSION- rehabilitation milestones—such as knee range of motion, strength, and agility—proved to be essential in tracking progress and ensuring the athlete’s readiness for return to sport
cruciate, knee, rehabilitation, progression, guidelines, protocols.
A Comprehensive Review of Cyber-Attacks in Healthcare
Healthcare systems constitute an essential part of national critical infrastructure, providing medical services, emergency response, and long-term patient care. The widespread integration of digital technologies—such as electronic health records (EHRs), telemedicine, Internet-connected medical devices, and cloud-based platforms—has modernized clinical workflows but also expanded the attack surface available to cybercriminals. Over the past decade, cyber-attacks targeting healthcare organizations have tripled, making the sector one of the most frequently attacked worldwide. These incidents can compromise sensitive patient information, disrupt essential medical services, jeopardize patient safety, and hinder a nation’s capacity to respond to public health emergencies. This narrative review examines the evolution of healthcare cyber-attacks since 2009; their impacts on patients, providers, and hospital infrastructure; and the methods commonly used by attackers. It also highlights hospital responses during prolonged system outages and offers recommendations for improving cybersecurity preparedness.
A Study on Various Character Segmentation Techniques on Handwritten Text Documents: A Review
Handwritten character segmentation remains one of the most challenging and essential phases in Optical Character Recognition (OCR) and handwritten document analysis. The complexity of unconstrained handwriting, varying writing styles, touching and overlapping characters, inconsistent spacing, and noise significantly affect accurate segmentation and recognition. Traditional segmentation approaches operate primarily on uncompressed images; however, recent studies demonstrate that performing segmentation directly on run-length encoded (RLE) compressed handwritten documents enhances computational efficiency and reduces memory usage. This paper presents a consolidated review and analysis of segmentation methodologies, ranging from explicit segmentation, implicit segmentation, projection-based analysis, connected component analysis, graph-based techniques, clustering approaches, and hybrid recognition-based methods. Furthermore, segmentation strategies for applications including postal address recognition, content-based image retrieval, number plate detection, and cursive word recognition are examined. Experimental findings indicate that hybrid methods, such as min-cut graph methods, dynamic programming, and Hidden Markov Models (HMM), outperform purely classical dissection approaches, particularly for cursive scripts. The study highlights future scope toward deep learning-based models and integrated compressed-domain OCR systems for achieving higher segmentation and recognition accuracy. Overall, this work aims to provide researchers and practitioners with a comprehensive understanding of segmentation challenges, techniques, and advancement trends essential for robust handwritten OCR performance.
The Image Recognition Using Enhanced Convolutional Neural Networks
Image recognition remains one of the most challenging tasks in computer vision due to variations in illumination, viewpoint, scale, occlusion, and background clutter. Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have become the dominant approach for this task because of their ability to automatically learn hierarchical feature representations through local receptive fields, weight sharing, and spatial subsampling. This paper presents an enhanced CNN architecture that employs smaller convolutional kernels, deeper stacking, and optimized training strategies to achieve higher accuracy with reduced computational complexity. The proposed model is evaluated on the ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC) benchmark and compared against state-of-the-art methods. Experimental results demonstrate a Top-5 error rate of 9.18%, outperforming several contemporary approaches while maintaining scalability and training efficiency.
A Fourier Series Framework for Homogeneous Fredholm Integral Equations of the Second Kind
Homogeneous Fredholm integral equations of the second kind commonly occur in a wide range of areas within applied mathematics, particularly within those contexts in which the evolution of an unknown function is described by an underlying integral operator equation. For this study, a Fourier series approach will be used for a systematic and transparent investigation of these equations. This will be done by first rewriting both the kernel and the solution series in terms of a trigonometric series so that an algebraic equation set can be derived directly from a given Fredholm equation of the second kind involving relations among Fourier coefficients. Such a procedure will enable one to determine the existence of non-trivial solutions based on specific algebraic constraints among coefficients, along with an investigation of the eigenvalues related to the given Fredholm equation's underlying operator. This approach is best used for those Fredholm equations involving periodic and smooth kernels, for which the Fourier series converges rapidly and captures most features of a given problem accurately. A few examples will be used throughout this study to better understand the effectiveness of these Fourier series tools within an investigation of the solution of the Fredholm equation space in a rather efficient alternative manner, rather than the traditionally used methods within this area of mathematics.
Trends and Practices of Instructional Leadership in Teacher Education
Since time immemorial, leadership has been a key factor that determines the achievement of learning institutions (Toprak, 2020, Day et al., 2016). In the National Education Policy 2020, the distributed leadership is predicted as an instrument to change the educational system in India. In this article, the investigator has examined the current instructional leadership trends and practices in teacher education, and also identified the gaps in the existing literature. The present investigator has aslo examined the leadership models that determine student learning outcomes. The published literature through systematic searches of Google scholar, PubMed, education resources information centre (ERIC)and the like has been used to extract empirical evidence. The results provided evidence based policy guidelines to teacher and school education, and this can enhance the leadership competences in instruction that are in the best interest of the society.
Leadership, Teacher Education, Instructional Leadership
The Integral Role of Mathematics in Advancing Sustainable Development
Despite numerous studies on sustainable development and education, many remain general and declarative. Integrating sustainable development into educational curricula poses challenges for educators due to its complexity. This paper adopts a multidimensional approach, considering social, psychological, and educational aspects, to explore the role of mathematics in attaining sustainable development goals. It highlights mathematics' practical applications across various sectors such as economy, industry, and social spheres. Moreover, the research underscores mathematics' humanitarian potential, serving ideological, moral, educational, and aesthetic purposes. Through mathematics education, individuals not only contribute to global culture but also foster a sense of community. Ultimately, the goal of teaching mathematics in the context of sustainable development is to cultivate students' mathematical literacy and cultural awareness
Mathematics education, sustainable development, cultural awareness
The Science Behind Sports Nutrition: Strategies for Achieving Peak Physical Performance
Background: Optimizing athletic performance requires a comprehensive understanding of scientific nutritional strategies. Integrating evidence-based dietary practices has become a crucial aspect of enhancing endurance, strength, and recovery in athletes. This study investigates the impact of scientific nutritional strategies on improving peak physical performance. Objectives: The primary objective of this research was to examine the role of evidence-based nutrition strategies in supporting athletic performance. The study further aimed to explore key dietary interventions, including carbohydrate periodization, protein timing, micronutrient management, and personalized nutrition approaches. Methods: This review utilized existing literature from peer-reviewed journals, focusing on studies that examined the effectiveness of nutritional strategies in enhancing performance outcomes. Research findings on macronutrient intake, hydration protocols, and innovative nutritional approaches such as nutrigenomics were synthesized. Results: The analysis revealed that carbohydrate periodization effectively improved endurance, while protein intake following exercise enhanced muscle synthesis and recovery. Proper hydration strategies supported thermoregulation, reducing performance decline during prolonged physical exertion. Personalized nutrition approaches demonstrated positive outcomes by aligning dietary interventions with individual genetic profiles and metabolic responses. Conclusion: Scientific advancements in sports nutrition offer effective strategies for improving athletic performance. Integrating evidence-based approaches tailored to an athlete’s physiological needs can significantly enhance strength, endurance, and recovery. Continued research is essential to explore innovative dietary interventions that further optimize performance outcomes.
Sports Nutrition, Nutritional Strategies, Athletic Performance, Personalized Nutrition, Macronutrient Management
The Influence of Specific Yoga Pranayama Practices on Vital Capacity in Sedentary College Students Living in Hostels
The contemporary-day lifestyle, especially inside the hostels of university college students with a sedentary lifestyle, relates to declining respiratory fitness and decreased VC. The objective of this study aimed to assess the effect of specific yoga pranayama practices (Kapalabhati, Bhastrika, Anulom Vilom) on vital capacity in sedentary college students. The study utilized a pretest-post-test control group design, and 40 participants (20 males) were randomly assigned to an experimental group (EG) (n=20) receiving a 6-week pranayama intervention or a control group (CG) (n=20) not engaging in any physical activity except their regular sedentary lifestyle. Pre- and post-intervention records of vital capacity were obtained using a digital spirometer. Statistical analysis between groups showed that an increase in vital capacity was statistically significant in the experimental group over the control group (p < 0.05). The experimental group demonstrated a mean post-intervention VC of 4.61 L (±0.45), surpassing the control group’s mean of 4.07 L (±0.46), with the intervention explaining 81.4% of the variance in outcomes (Partial Eta Squared = 0.814). The results indicate that regular practice of certain pranayama techniques can improve respiratory performance and help counteract the effects of an inactive lifestyle. It demonstrates the efficacy of an alternate yoga-based regimen for sedentary college students in improving their lung function, significantly in the context of respiratory health.
Sedentary lifestyle, College students, Respiratory fitness, Vital capacity, Pranayama, Kapalabhati, Bhastrika, Anulom Vilom, Lung function. Yoga intervention, Digital spirometry
The Systematic Review of Understanding the Relationship Between Mesomorph and Speed in Sports: A PRISMA 2020 Analysis
The relationship between mesomorph body type and speed in sports is a complex and multifaceted area of research. This systematic literature review aimed to explore the connection between somatotypes and speed variations, focusing on the biomechanical factors that enhance speed in mesomorphic athletes and the role of the skeletomuscular system in speed-related activities. Following PRISMA 2020 standards, a structured internet search was conducted using PubMed, Google Scholar, and COPE (UK), yielding 1,275 research articles. After applying inclusion/exclusion criteria and quality screening, 27 articles were selected for review, with 10 articles thoroughly analysed. The findings revealed that mesomorphic athletes, characterized by their muscular and athletic build, often possess physical attributes that contribute to enhanced speed performance, such as a higher muscle-to-fat ratio, efficient metabolism, and a larger proportion of fast-twitch muscle fibres. However, factors such as training, technique, nutrition, and mental preparation also play significant roles in determining an athlete's overall speed performance. The review highlights the importance of understanding the relationship between body type and speed for optimizing sports-specific strategies, talent selection, and training plans. Furthermore, the findings have broader applications in fitness and rehabilitation programs. Future research should focus on investigating the interplay between somatotype, biomechanical factors, and skeletomuscular characteristics to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the relationship between mesomorph body type and speed in sports.
Mesomorph, Somatotypes, Biomechanics, Fast-twitch muscle fibres, Body composition, Sports performance
The Touch-Based Fingerprint Biometric Payment System for Quick and Secure Transactions
Abstract— With the increasing demand for secure and convenient payment methods, Biometric authentication has gained significant attention [1]. This paper proposes a touch-based fingerprint Biometric payment system designed to provide fast, reliable, and secure transactions without the need for physical cash or smartphones. The system integrates fingerprint recognition technology with banking infrastructure to enable direct payment from user accounts through Biometric verification [2]. The project aims to address the limitations of traditional payment methods and enhance the user experience in retail environments. This research covers the system design, implementation, testing with dummy accounts, security considerations, and future enhancements.
NEP 2020: Transforming Educational Practices and Policies for the Development of Holistic Intelligence among Prospective
The National Education Policy (NEP, 2020) has redefined the educational landscape in India by shifting emphasis from content-heavy, examination-oriented approaches to competency-based, flexible, and holistic learning, marks a paradigm shift in India’s educational vision moving beyond conventional knowledge acquisition toward the holistic development of learners. For teacher education, this shift is particularly significant because prospective teachers serve as the future architects of learning environments. This paper critically examines how NEP (2020) transforms teacher education practices and policies to nurture holistic intelligence encompassing intellectual, emotional, physical, and spiritual dimensions among prospective teachers. Using qualitative document analysis, systematic literature review, and thematic analysis, the paper synthesizes evidence from policy provisions, scholarly publications, and teacher education guidelines. This paper identifies structural, pedagogical, curricular, and assessment reforms mandated by NEP (2020) and evaluates their relevance for cultivating holistic intelligence. A conceptual model, NEP (2020)–Holistic Intelligence Alignment Framework, is proposed to map policy recommendations onto developmental pathways for prospective teachers. The study highlights systemic gaps related to faculty preparedness, infrastructural constraints, assessment challenges, and insufficient empirical research on holistic intelligence. The paper concludes that NEP (2020) presents a visionary blueprint but requires robust implementation strategies, capacity building, and monitoring mechanisms to ensure actual transformation in teacher education institutions (TEIs).
National Education Policy, holistic intelligence, and prospective teachers.
A Robust Sustainable Inventory Model for Deteriorating Products with Carbon-Emission Costs, Learning-Dependent Demand, and Partial Backlogging under Hybrid Uncertainty
Conditions in the environment, operational costs, as well as product wastage make it essential to have sustainable methods of managing inventories for perishable commodities. The paper suggests an efficient inventory management methodology. Carbon emissions' cost considerations, learning about demands based on demands' dependence on learning, as well as partial backlog based on market variability related to consumer behavior, form part of variability related to ‘hybrid uncertainty.’ The idea assumes progression in demands as consumers learn about their product (learning effect), considering their instability related to market conditions. A particular product degrades over time. The backlog level related to shortages is partially fulfilled, depending on consumer behavior related to wait time. To minimize the cost associated with inventory, appropriate optimization strategies are employed. These costs would encompass purchase costs, storage costs, shortage costs, deterioration costs, and carbon emissions. Decisions about inventories depend on learning behavior, uncertainties, and sustainability laws, as results from sensitivity analyses and numerical experiments have shown. The results make it clear that learning and the costs of emissions must be considered to come up with viable and sustainable solutions. Decision-makers can learn from these results to find a way to combine environmental and financial success. The presented method helps to optimize financial and sustainability goals simultaneously.
Business, Management, and Entrepreneurship
The Computational Investigation of Hybrid Ferro fluid Flow in Porous L-Shaped Cavity with Circular Cylinder
Hybrid nanofluids (HNFs) have become advanced working fluids because they have better thermo-physical properties and can enhance heat transfer (HT) in complicated thermal systems. This study examines the improvement of heat transmission in an L-shaped porous enclosure featuring a centrally located circular cylinder, utilizing a hybrid Ferro-nanofluid composed of Fe₃O₄ and Al₂O₃ through the Finite Element Method (FEM) based on Galerkin weighted residual (GWR). Also, the Darcy-Brinkman-Forchheimer comprehensive approach has been used to show how fluids move through porous media. The governing parameters, including the Darcy number (10-5< Da <10-1), <!-- [if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:OLEObject Type="Embed" ProgID="Equation.DSMT4" ShapeID="_x0000_i1025" DrawAspect="Content" ObjectID="_1825428078"> </o:OLEObject> </xml><![endif]--> Rayleigh number (105< Ra <1010), <!-- [if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:OLEObject Type="Embed" ProgID="Equation.DSMT4" ShapeID="_x0000_i1026" DrawAspect="Content" ObjectID="_1825428079"> </o:OLEObject> </xml><![endif]--> Ha = 10, Re = 100 and various size of the cylinder have been selected to assess the impact. The computational findings of the flow and thermal fields are depicted using streamlines, isotherms, and the average heat transfer rate at the cavity's hot surface. The numerical findings show that the hybrid Ferro-nanofluid has improved HT capabilities compared to typical nanofluids, which is attributed to the synergistic effects of the nanoparticles. The circular cylinder significantly improves the strength of convection and the associated temperature gradients. A reduction in permeability suppresses fluid circulation, while larger Rayleigh numbers make stronger buoyancy-driven vortices into the cavity. The finding reveal that Fe₃O₄–Al₂O₃ HNFs and irregular porous geometries perform well for enhanced thermal management, renewable energy devices, and tiny cooling applications.
Engineering and Technological Innovations
Finite Element Method (FEM), Heat transfer.
The Comparative dissolution study in different pH conditions of Bilastine Tablet
The dissolution study is designed for the determination of the drug release profile from a solid dosage form in different time interval. The purpose of the study is to determine the difference of two commercially available bilastine tablet in Bangladeshi local market. Three different types of buffer medium are used that pH are 1.2, 4.5 & 6.8. The HPLC characteristics are column kromasil C18, 150 mm X 4.6 mm, 5µm with a mobile phase is constituted with buffer: acetonitrile in the ratio of 6.5:3.5. The flow rate was 1.0 mL/minute; detection was carried out by PDA detector at 207nm in 25°C. The difference factor f1 and similarity factor f2 of type A and B category bilastine tablet at pH 1.2 medium are satisfied by the USP guideline and that are respectively 1.01 and 83.27. But in other conditions pH 4.6 and 6.8 not same. These result show that the dissolution profile of B category tablet is not suitable formulation further in vivo test is require for the justification the plasma profile level at different time interval.
Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Development
RP-HPLC, Dissolution, Bilastine, Similarity factor, Difference factor
The Blockchain Technology for Transparent Welfare Distribution in India: Opportunities, Challenges, and Future Directions
Corruption, inefficiency, and a lack of transparency continue to be major concerns in India's welfare distribution, which includes programs such as food subsidies and cash transfers. The decentralised, tamper-proof ledger system of blockchain technology enables transparency and efficiency in systems. This paper investigates how, in the Indian setting, blockchain technology can bring transparency, efficiency and safety. Central to these, it also considers questions of scale, infrastructure, and policy constraints, suggesting paths forward. This paper endeavours to present a thorough knowledge on the potential and limitations of blockchain technology for better streamlined benefit distribution across India
The Mental Health and Social Media: Reviewing Recent Research on Students with Psychiatric Issues
This article highlights the growing trend of psychological problems associated with excessive social media use among students. In the last five years or so, a lot of research has been carried out to examine the effect that social media has on our mental health, particularly among our teenagers and young adults. There has been some research on how social media may cause disorders in students with anxiety, depression, and stress. The present chapter summarises the results of these studies. The role of social media on body image, self-esteem and social comparison is also examined in this paper. The paper also references hospital statistics that reveal the rising occurrence of psychiatric incidents among students when they engage in excessive use of social media. Primary studies, themes and trends are examined, with a focus on both the barriers and potential interventions to reducing this psychopathology.
Social Media, Mental Health, Students, Anxiety and Depression, Cyberbullying
The Application of Machine Learning in Citizen-Centric Services: National Strategy and the Punjab Paradigm
Machine learning (ML) is revolutionizing citizen-centric service delivery across India, fundamentally enhancing the efficiency, transparency, and reach of public administration. This high-level paper discusses the strategic deployment of ML at a nation-level basis—within policy frameworks such as Digital India and National e-Governance Plan (NeGP)—and provides an in-depth case study of Punjab. Together, these perspectives provide actionable insights for the future of citizen services, suggest challenges, sectoral impacts and recommendations for best practice.
Machine Learning Applications in Government Services
Copyright (c) 2025 GKU Journal of Multidisciplinary Research https://journal.gku.ac.in/index.php/GKUJMR/article/view/23
Exploring the Impact of Regular Yoga Practice on Women's Physical Fitness and Mental Well-being
The present research work is to explore the qualitative effects of regular practice of yoga on the physical fitness and mental well-being status of female subjects included in the study. Given the increasing popularity and acceptance of holistic health and wellness, yoga has become an established practice that is generally believed to encourage the physical health and well-being of practitioners. This particular research systematically examines how consistent and regular engagement in yoga influences critical areas of health, including flexibility, strength, endurance, stress reduction, emotional balance, and overall life satisfaction among those who participate. A designated group of female participants who have been practising yoga regularly over a predetermined period of time was assessed using physical fitness tests in conjunction with standardised psychological well-being scales designed for accurate measurement. Based on the results obtained from this thorough investigation, it was found that consistent practice of yoga is significantly associated with considerable improvements in physical capabilities, while simultaneously promoting advantageous mental health outcomes, which include a notable reduction in stress levels, an enhancement in overall mood, and a reinforced ability to cultivate emotional resilience. These critical findings lend substantial credence to the notion that incorporating yoga into the daily routines of women serves as a method that is both sustainable and effective for promoting overall health and enhancing fitness levels.
Yoga, Women’s Health, Physical Fitness, Mental Well-being, Emotional Resilience, Stress Reduction, Holistic Health
The Efficacy of Yoga in Managing Arthritis: A Review of Evidence-Based Studies
Arthritis is one of several prevalent chronic diseases that affect millions of individuals. It causes joint inflammation. Pain, swelling, stiffness and restricted motion are the salient symptoms. These problems can interfere with daily activities and decrease the quality of life. Old-school remedies such as drugs and physical therapy can produce results, but many patients are seeking alternatives. The therapeutic effects of yoga, including physical postures combined with breath and meditation, are increasingly recognised. The purpose of this review article is to summarise evidence for yoga for arthritis. The literature review summarises its influence on pain, physical function, mental health, range of motion, and muscle strength.
Analysis of Physical Fitness Components Among Athletes and Non-Athletes
The main goal of this study was to find out how certain aspects of physical health differ between athletes and people who do not play sports. The study examined 120 male students from Guru Kashi University, ages 17 to 23. There were 60 athletes and 60 non-athletes. The four main fitness factors analyzed were Strength, Endurance, Flexibility, and Agility. Standardized tests measured each trait. A t-test with a 0.05 significance threshold showed that the health statuses of the two groups were significantly different. A statistically significant gap was found when comparing athletes to non-athletes in health-related physical fitness. This indicates that regular athletic training influences physical fitness.
Agility, Athletes, flexibility, muscular endurance, muscular strength and Non-athletes.
Influence of Academic Discipline and Activity-Based Learning on Big Five Personality Traits: A Comparative Study of Physical Education and Non-Physical Education Students
This paper surveys the role of academic discipline with respect to personality traits of the Big Five model, which are extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism and openness, which are influenced by the personal disposition as well as the learning surroundings. Physical education (PE) provides a body-in-action learning environment that can lead to different personality characteristics than other, more sedentary academic programs. The authors of this paper investigate the variations of the Big Five personal traits in PE and non-PE students at undergraduate and postgraduate levels. A multi-stage sampling process was used with 120 total participants (an equal number of female and male in each of the academic levels). BFI-Big Five Inventory (John & Srivastava, 1999) was used and group differences were determined with the help of independent t-tests in SPSS 27. The findings show that male PE students at both academic levels recorded higher scores on extraversion and conscientiousness and higher neuroticism at the undergraduate level. The results demonstrated that females are more conscientious at postgraduate PE and neurotic at undergraduate PE than their non-PE counterparts. This evidence leads to the argument that lifetime participation in structured, physical and socially mediated affairs might not only focus on the point of attracting individuals with specific traits of personality but also help them acquire self-control, social sensitivity and friendliness. The polarities suggest the inclusion of structured activity-based elements in learning plans to promote desirable personalities. Research in the future needs to consider the causal mechanisms, cross-cultural situations and long-term tendency of personality change across various educational contexts.
Big Five Personality Traits, Physical Education Students, Academic Discipline and Personality, Activity-Based Learning, Comparative Personality Study, Undergraduate and Postgraduate Students. Personality Development in Education.
Effect of Some Selected Exercises on Flexibility and Coordination of Basketball Players
This research measured the impact of 6 weeks of target training exercises on the flexibility and coordination of basketball players. The study included 30 basketball players, aged 18 to 25, from Guru Kashi University. Participants were randomly assigned to two equivalent groups: an experimental group and a control group. Participants were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. The experimental group followed a lesson plan, while the control group continued as usual. Research was done using the Sit and Reach trunk flexibility and the Eye-Hand Coordination test to evaluate visual motor response, on the initial and final days of the training period. When doing the analysis of the data, the researcher used a t-test with a significance level of 0.05. The primary objective of the research was to investigate the impact that specific flexibility and coordination workouts have on the free trunk rotation and eye-hand coordination abilities of basketball players while they participate in the sport. The hypothesis that was made for the study was that aimed training designed for basketball players would positively and greatly impact both assessed physical traits. This study was conducted only on male athletes at the Guru Kashi University Stadium. The subjects of the study were competing basketball players at the college, with trunk flexibility and eye-hand coordination being the variables of focus.
Trunk flexibility and eye-hand coordination
The Impact of Nutritional Supplements on Muscle Recovery and Performance in Strength Sports
This study explores the impact of nutritional supplements specifically protein, branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) and creatine on muscle recovery and performance in strength sports. Fifty male athletes aged 18 to 25 from Himachal Pradesh participated in an 8-week randomized controlled trial. Participants were divided into five groups: control, protein, BCAA, creatine and a combined supplement group. Outcomes measured included one-repetition maximum (1RM) for strength, delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) for recovery and muscle mass gain. Results showed that all supplement groups outperformed the control group in strength, recovery and hypertrophy. The combined supplement group demonstrated the greatest improvements across all metrics, with an 18.46% increase in 1RM, 57.53% reduction in DOMS and 4.0 kg gain in muscle mass. Among individual supplements, creatine showed the strongest effect on strength and muscle gain, while BCAAs were most effective in reducing muscle soreness. These findings support the use of targeted and combined supplementation strategies to enhance athletic performance and recovery in strength sports.
nutritional supplements, muscle recovery, strength performance, BCAAs, protein, creatine, randomized controlled trial
Impact of Swimming on The Cardiovascular Endurance of School Students
The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of swimming on cardiorespiratory endurance for secondary school students. The authors speculated that swimming would result in high cardiorespiratory endurance. Twenty young male swimmers (15-18 years old) were included in the study. Participants were recruited on a random basis from Mayur Swimming Pool, Mahendergarh (Haryana). The sample included male high school students. Cardiorespiratory endurance was measured by the Harvard Step Test at preintervention and postintervention after 6 weeks of swimming training. Subjects were divided into groups: those who underwent swimming training (Experimental group, n = 10)) and subjects that did not undergo any training (control group, n = 10). Data were analysed using a paired t-test. Results that indicated a significant increase in the cardiovascular endurance of the experimental group, and as such revealed an overall positive impact of the swimming training program on participants.
Cardiovascular Endurance, Swimming, Secondary School Students
The Role of Physical Education in Preventing and Reducing Drug Addiction Among Adolescents
Adolescent drug use seems to be a rampant area of concern around the world, especially for their health and development at all levels. This current study aims to investigate the role of physical education (PE) as a preventive and intervention strategy for substance use during the teenage years. Regular participation in exercise and sports contributes to improvement in physical fitness as well as stress management, resilience, and the adoption of positive lines of defence. PE enhances existing peer relationships and engages children in positive, organised physical activity so as to lessen the potential for unstructured, high-risk behaviour. This study aims to establish an understanding of the correlation and interrelationships between PE and the mental health of the students. The findings of the study argue that PE has the potential to improve the overall well-being of the students, with the added benefit of reducing drug usage in school.
physical education , drug addiction,exercise
Modern life is shaped by technology, fast communication, a busy lifestyle, and rapid changes in society. Many people live in busy cities, face long working hours, and struggle to balance personal and professional responsibilities. Health issues like stress, anxiety, and a lack of physical activity are common. Public awareness of the effects of modern lifestyles should be increased to curb the effects of this behaviour on the public. Promoting a healthy lifestyle, including adequate nutrition, exercise and improved ways of communication and socialisation among members in the society. Health is a common goal of life, and anyone can achieve the highest state of well-being by simply practising Yoga, without incurring any expenditure. About Yoga in Daily Life, the System "Yoga in Daily Life" offers a very broad and deep spectrum for the harmonious development of body, mind and soul. “When the body is working at its best, the mind is clear and focused, and stress levels are better handled. This provides the chance to communicate with loved ones and maintain social relationships. When you are at your best health, you feel deeply connected to yourself, others and the world around you, contributing to an overall sense of spiritual wellness. The word "Yoga" is derived from the Sanskrit yuj, which means "to join or to unite." Yoga practice is to have an all-round effect on the body. All asana protects us from more diseases and also help us improve our poor posture and help us cure related postural deformities.